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Humans donotlike change. Believe it or not, after calculators were invented, some people refused to give up their slide rules. Similarly, CNC machining was invented decades ago, yet there are still those who prefer manual machining techniques. This preference persists despite CNC technology’s ability to manufacture and replicate precision parts that are fully interchangeable with one another, while manual methods must make mating components as matched sets or produce custom replacements.
不同类型的CNC机器
CNC加工可以产生从最简单的组件到最多的零件复杂的组件。是否需要为车辆施加齿轮轴吗？还是在军用运输工具上进行热交换器壳的入口？战斗机或救生起搏器的精密电触点呢？
CNC是将一组测序指令“馈送到专门设计的可编程控制器中，然后使用它来指导机床的运动的过程。在CNC操作的所有方法中，数据输入和计算机控制和监视反馈是加工过程的关键部分。工具所采用的路径还通过计算机编程和涉及复杂算法或插值的计算来控制。
Listed below are the most common types of CNC machines and a breakdown of their typical uses and capabilities as compared to manual machines.
1. CNC Mill
Operation Overview
CNC Mills通过与移动，旋转工具接触将固定在桌子上的工件中删除材料。通常，磨机具有多个自由度，可以用一个设置/固定装置在多个平面上加工。CNC磨坊最适合高精度，高速制造，可以钻孔，形成插槽，促进策划，切割凹槽和雕刻材料。
Types of Parts
CNC Mills can be utilized to make a variety of parts with intricate geometries, such as:
- 配件
- Housings
- Brackets
- Gears
- Pacemaker shells
- Holes or material removal on cast parts
- Grooves for welds
- 发动机组件等气缸盖
- 原型
- Gearboxes
Benefits over Manual Operation
数控加工厂提供更多的精密度和准确度manual mills because of their ability to utilize computer technology for positioning, depth control, and speed. A human operating a manual mill simply doesn’t have the ability to perform real-time calculations or interpret resistance into feedback to alter the settings as a computer does. Manual mills also typically can only perform material removal in a single plane at a time, which seriously compromises throughput.
2. CNC Lathe
Operation Overview
CNC lathes remove material from a rotating workpiece by applying a stationary cutting tool. They’re primarily used to create conical or cylindrical geometries or flatten a surface. Lathes can also alter surface roughness and drill, bore, ream, tap, face, or chamfer features. Abeplay 888官网 机器是CNC车床的效率更高，封闭式版本，具有多个工具更换器，通常配备了芯片输送机。
Types of Parts
Conical or circular geometries are the most optimal fit for a CNC Lathe, and so are used to manufacture:
- Fasteners
- Shafts
- Probes
- 别针
- 电触点
- Pipe fittings
- Spindles
- Altered geometric features on previously machined or formed parts
Benefits over Manual Operation
数控车床代替手动/传统的车床require highly skilled operators with years of training. Manual lathes also must be manually set up, don’t have near the precision of their CNC counterparts, and produce much lower throughput as well.
3. CNC Electric Discharge Machine
Operation Overview
An电动机或EDMis the most complex CNC machine on this list. The machining process uses electrical discharges/sparks to remove material from a workpiece submerged in dielectric fluid and placed between two electrodes.
The computer calculates how much voltage to discharge through a dielectric fluid to create the desired shapes or features. The part is partially or fully immersed in dielectric fluid and does not make direct contact with tooling; instead, the spark is used as the cutting tool.
Types of Parts
Due to its nature, an EDM can easily machine intricate parts that traditionally are difficult to manufacture, such as:
- Hardened/heat treated parts
- 薄壁零件
- Molds
- CNC tooling
- Metal matrix composites
- Fashion items like watches and jewelry
对手动操作的好处
EDM服务几乎可以替代几乎所有的手动加工操作，包括在磨机和车床上执行的操作，前提是加工材料是导电的。电线EDM的成本较高，但是精确度和设置提供了良好的成本效益比。
CNC Machining Delivers Higher Accuracy, Precision, and Interchangeability of Parts
如上所述，不仅CNC极具通用性，而且还广泛可用。CNC机器在许多行业中都使用，并且它们的使用每年都在增加。全球CNC机器市场是投影to grow from 83.99 billion USD in 2021 to 128.41 billion USD in 2028 – that’s over a 50% increase — and it’s primarily due to an increased demand for greater manufacturing efficiency and precision.
最重要的是，与在手动磨机或车床上工作的人相比，CNC机器可以对切割速率，深度和位置进行更多的计算和稍微修改。CNC加工可以在几分钟内将公差提供至千分之一英寸，而手动加工需要数小时的设置，计算和测量（更不用说几年的培训）才能完成同一件事。
Because of their computational prowess, CNC machines manufacture parts with higher accuracy and precision, which makes them interchangeable with one another in assemblies.
CNC和手动加工之间的真正成本差异
CNC机器比手动对应物更快，浪费少。已经证明了经历过CNC改造的手动机器生产parts 75-300% faster. Increasing throughput reduces part costs by decreasing the number of man-hours required to produce each part. Also, switching tools on a CNC machine can be over four times faster than on a similar manual machine. This results in faster turnaround times to get finished parts to customers.
The higher accuracy and precision of CNC machines also produce a lower scrap rate and therefore a lower part cost. One such comparison calculated the following rejection rates for a 50,000-unit production volume run:
| Machining Method | Total Units Manufactured | Units Scrapped | 获得50,000 QC通过单位的总费用 |
| Manual Machine | 56,155 | 6,155 | $202,158 |
| CNC机器 | 50,000 | 0 | $172,500 |
Lower scrap rates not only mean more money in your pocket upfront, but higher precision machining tends to decrease customer rejection rate as well. When you have a more precise, repeatable process, the risk for missing defects during inspection is low. This prevents the customer from receiving faulty parts which, in turn, increases customer satisfaction.
结论
希望本文能够帮助您了解CNC加工的好处及其对手动方法的优势。尽管总会有业余爱好，木工和原型加工的原型应用，但在工业生产方面，CNC加工是一个广泛的升级。
Not only do CNC machines create parts faster, but those parts are more precise and making them creates less scrap and uses less labor. Plus, they increase production speed which leads to greater customer satisfaction. So, while human devotees of manual machining may not like change, they do like making money and making their customers happy — and CNC machining makes it easier to do both.
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