Time to read: 3 min
在全球制造世界中，物流经常被证明是买方和卖方之间最大的麻烦。如果没有清楚地了解谁组织和涵盖交易的哪些方面，容易担任泥泞和冲突。
这就是为什么国际商会创建了一个列表有助于确定商业交易条款的规则，现在通常被称为Incoterms.。Incoterms, an abbreviation forIntCO.mmercialTerms，是建立何时从卖方转移到买方的成本，风险和责任的准则。Incoterms主要涵盖运输和物流成本;进出口申报;保险费;并建立一个交货点。
Incoterms有多重要？
“INCOTERMS是国际贸易的不可或缺的一部分，更有近海制造业，”战略规划的副总裁肖德·昌（Shaws Chang）说Dragon Innovation。“To mitigate risks, the buyer and seller should be aware of any nuances and address those details in the contract of sale.”
What are the basics that every buyer and seller need to know before shipment begins? We’ll break down the most commonly used incoterms and what they really mean.
常用的Incoterms和他们的意思
Ex Works (EXW)– The seller makes the goods available at its location, so the buyer can take over all the transportation costs and also bears the risks of bringing the goods to their final destination.
免费载体（FCA）- 卖方交出货物进入第一款载体的处置。在买方接管所有费用后，货物交给第一个承运人时的风险会通过。
船上免费（FOB）- 卖方必须在船上装载货物，由买方提名。当货物实际上在船上时，成本和风险分开。
交付职责（DDP）–The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of the buyer, and pays all costs in bringing the goods to the destination.
使用Incoterms.
为什么要使用一个Incoterm？这一切都取决于您的特定操作。例如，您（买方）需要日本（卖方）的供应商履行订单，并且需要向美国提供零件。
如果您选择EX Works（EXW），则此方案的交易详细信息非常简单：您支付一切费用。由于EXW规定您的供应商仅负责在现场制作零件，因此您需要协调从供应商的位置到港口，海关清关和交付到最终位置的运输工具。
However, if you go with Free on Board (FOB), things change before shipping. The seller is responsible for costs until the parts make it to the port of departure. Once the parts reach the port, you then take over responsibility and cover the remainder of the costs, including sea freight, customs clearance, and more.
We asked Nerijus Poskus, VP & Global Head of Ocean Freight atFlexport，关于从中国进口时推荐的运输信息。
“Importers should consider FCA (Free Carrier) terms,” Nerijus said. “Under FCA, the exporter is responsible for delivering goods to the custody of the carrier named by the importer at an agreed delivery point; e.g., the shipper’s factory or the port of loading. That way, importing clients don’t have to deal with (and aren’t liable for) export formalities of the country from which the goods originate. The risk, responsibility for regulatory compliance, and expense is handled by the exporter. That’s especially important when importing from China, where an export license is required.”
FICTIV的INCOTERMS.
Though Fictiv’s default incoterms are EXW, Fictiv has an export license, and we oversee export clearance on all orders originating from China (unless requested otherwise), in order to streamline the international trade process for our customers.
无论您选择什么，都要了解与您的供应商的工作合作非常重要，并与双方最适合的是什么。
