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铸造 - 它已经存在了6000多年,今天仍然广泛使用。铸造技术的进步允许以紧密的公差铸造高质量的零件。CNC加工is also pervasive, but much newer. Have you ever considered trying to CNC machine a part that you usually cast? Or are you wondering which method to choose to manufacture your design? This article will discuss the two manufacturing processes and go through the advantages and disadvantages of each.
什么是演员?

Casting is considered a formative process. There are many types of casting, but all of them use a mold. Molten metal is then poured or inserted into this mold, where it cools and hardens into the final form. Cores or inserts can create intricate internal geometry. After the part solidifies, it is cleaned and post-processed to give it the desired surface finish. Sometimes this secondary operation includes CNC machining to produce even tighter tolerances.
一些通常铸件的零件包括火车轮,公共汽车踏板,涡轮刀片和发动机块。铸件零件几乎在每个行业中都使用,包括汽车,aerospace,消费产品, 和medical devices。

什么是CNC加工?
CNC加工是一种减法方法,这意味着切割工具可以去除材料以实现所需的几何形状。使用G代码的计算机程序告诉机器要移动以及如何切割。

CNC machined parts are everywhere. Metal laptop enclosures, small components inside cell phones, aerospace and automotive parts, as well as fixtures and jigs are all manufactured using CNC machining.
基于几何形状选择制造方法
设计零件时,您通常会从制造方法开始,以便您可以设计出非常适合该过程的现实,可实现的功能。另一方面,零件的功能可能需要一定的大小,形状或几何形状,这将决定制造过程。CNC加工和铸造都适合某些几何形状。
For example, certain designs will require a large amount of material removal from an initial block of stock metal. This would take a lot of time and result in excessive wasted material, so this design might be a good candidate for casting. A good example of this would be a hollow part with thin walls and large cavities. Complex geometry is also a good candidate for casting, as this would require long and复杂的加工times.
Casting can be a good process to use to simplify the design of a part or assembly. Instead of machining many small parts and then assembling them, you can cast the entire part and avoid many assembly steps.
However, certain features are more difficult to achieve with casting. Undercuts or internal features will be more difficult and require complex molds with cores and inserts. Cast parts also require a draft angle on all features. Large or oddly shaped parts with thick walls are also better suited to CNC machining. These geometries will be difficult to fill and cool evenly during the casting process.

的优点和缺点
In addition to differences in geometry, the casting and machining processes have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Casting
铸造结果减少了浪费的材料。铸造过程仅使用最后一部分所需的材料,除了少量流过大门,跑步者和浇口的金属。很容易去除这些多余的材料并将其重新使用以在另一部分重复使用。
一旦模具准备就绪,铸造也是一个快速的过程。这使其有益于生产大量零件。某些类型的铸造确实使用了消耗性模具。但是,随着使用永久模具的模具铸造,随着零件量的增加,每零件的时间和成本减少。

Repeatability is important in manufacturing, and casting produces very repeatable parts. With the mold and processed dialed in, every part can be made exactly the same. When die casting aluminum, tolerances can be held to +/- 0.25mm on up to 25.4mm, and 0.05 for precision casting (0.01” on up to 1” for standard and .002” for precision). This will vary depending on the material.Aluminum例如,比锌具有更高的熔点,因此它需要更高的注入压力,并且总体上是更具侵略性的过程。因此,在施放锌时,有时甚至可以保持更严格的公差。
CNC加工
另一方面,CNC加工的周转速度更快,可容纳较低的零件。无需等待制造模具。您需要的只是CAD型号,CAM程序和CNC机器。
通过CNC加工,更改设计要容易得多。当设计仍处于不变状态时,您需要做的就是更改模型并重做CAM程序,而不是重新制作模具或尝试对其进行修改。
CNC加工也是一个非常可重复的过程。对于金属的标准加工,0.025mm(0.001英寸)是合理的公差期望。使用精确加工,虚构可以产生耐受性+/- 0.0002英寸的零件。
何时选择一个过程而不是另一个过程
So, when would you choose casting over machining or vice versa? A few key things to think about are the development stage, the quantity of parts needed, demand variability, and part geometry, as covered earlier.
开发阶段与您的零件的设计仍在变化相关。在设计过程的早期,您可能会经历许多迭代。在这种情况下,由于更改CNC加工过程的相对敏捷性,CNC加工将是更好的选择。
您需要的零件数量在这里也很重要。在原型制作方面,您可能不需要多个部分,因此,CNC加工可能更有意义。
要考虑的另一件事是您需求的可变性。您实际上需要多久需要一次这些零件?如果需求波动,CNC加工可能是一个更好的选择。您可以更快地获得CNC加工零件,尤其是随着数字转换的增长。这可能是一个不错的财务选择,因为您可以根据需要订购零件,而不是试图预测所需的内容,并最终在库存中获得过多的零件。
当您确定设计并进入生产时,您可能需要更多的部分。在这一点上,铸造是一个不错的选择,因为它更适合生产数千个或更多零件。
最后,零件的质量很重要。CNC加工能够在零件上保持更严格的公差,从而使其更加精确。精密CNC加工可以产生耐受性为+/- 0.0002英寸的零件,而精确的铝制模具铸件更像是0.002”。如果这种精度对您的应用程序非常重要,则CNC加工可能是您更好的选择。
您的制造过程将始终取决于您独特的机会。您可能会发现自己具有独特的要求组合,迫使您发挥创造力并找到创新的解决方案。
CNC加工已经成为一个普遍存在的过程,但仍然有一个铸造的地方!每种制造方法都有自己的优势。与其按照始终完成的方式进行操作,不如尝试重新评估设计,并根据几何形状,数量,质量需求和时间表更适合铸造或CNC加工。
查看虚构的CNC加工功能beplay客户端下载!创建一个帐户并上传您的零件以查看我们的即时报价过程可以为您做什么。